1. Allusion – An indirect reference, often to another text, an historical event, a person, or a religious image or idea.
2. Anaphora – The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.
Example: If we put pickles in chocolate ice cream, if we blend it together, and if we drink it down in one big gulp, then we will surely barf. – D. Reynolds
3. Analogy – a comparison made between two things to show their similarities
Example: Shakespeare’s “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?” likens a woman to a summer day to show that, while they may not be alike physically, they both have the same effect on his heart.
4. Anecdote – a very brief story, told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something
Example: Thomas Paine’s “The Crisis No. 1” contains a story of a tavern keeper who, while standing at the door with a young child about eight or nine, declares “well, give me peace in my day.” Paine then counters with the statement “if there must be trouble, let it be in my day, that my child may have peace.” He tells this story in order to convince people to consider the future of their children and therefore go to war against the British.
5. Annotation – Explanatory or critical notes added to a text
6. Antecedent – The noun to which a later pronoun refers
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